Peace Treaties

Cuius regio, eius religio, rulers choose the religion of their lands, Lutheranism legalized alongside Catholicism. The peace...

Granted Huguenots, French Protestants, freedom of conscience, worship rights in specified towns, fortified safe cities, civil...

Torstenson War ended, Denmark ceded Jämtland, Härjedalen, Gotland, Ösel, and Halland for 30 years, never returned. The first...

The treaties of Osnabrück and Münster ended the Thirty Years War and the Eighty Years War between Spain and the Dutch. It...

Charles X Gustav crossed the frozen Belts, one of history great military feats, and dictated terms, Skåne, Blekinge, Halland...

Cardinal Mazarin and Luis de Haro negotiated on Pheasant Island in the Bidasoa, ending 24 years of Franco-Spanish war. France...

First major Ottoman territorial cession to Christian powers, most of Hungary and Transylvania to the Habsburgs, Morea to Venice...

Ended the War of the Spanish Succession. Philip V kept the Spanish throne but renounced any claim to the French throne, forever...

The peace that closed the Great Northern War after 21 years. Sweden ceded Estonia, Livonia, Ingria and part of Karelia to Russia...

Ended the Seven Years War, the first true world war. France ceded Canada and the land east of the Mississippi except New Orleans...

Ended the war of 1768 to 1774, Russia gained Azov, Kerch, Black Sea fleet rights, Kabardia, and the protectorship over Ottoman...

Ended the American Revolutionary War. Britain recognized the independence of the United States and ceded territory from the...

The short peace that paused the revolutionary wars. Britain returned most colonial conquests, kept Ceylon and Trinidad, and...

Signed in the Finnish war after the Russian occupation of Finland, it ceded Finland and the Aland islands to Alexander I, who had...

Ended the War of 1812, restoring all territory to prewar boundaries, effectively a draw. Nothing about the causes, impressment of...

Napoleonic endgame, Denmark punished for loyalty to France, Norway transferred from Danish to Swedish crown. Norwegians declared...

Following Gulistan 1813, completed Russia absorption of the Caucasus, Persia ceded Erivan, Nakhchivan, paid indemnities, granted...

Ended the First Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties. China ceded Hong Kong Island, opened five treaty ports, Guangzhou...

Ended the Mexican American War. Mexico ceded California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming...

Bismarck hosted the powers revising San Stefano, clipping Big Bulgaria, the Russian creation, back to a small principality...

Ended the War of the Pacific over nitrate fields. Peru ceded the tarapaca province outright, and Tacna and Arica passed to Chile...

Ended the First Sino Japanese War, a shocking demonstration of Japan rise and China decline. China recognized Korean...

Ended the Spanish-American War after six months. Spain gave up Cuba, which moved to United States occupation and nominal...

After the Boxer Rebellion siege of foreign legations, China paid 450 million taels of silver over 39 years, foreign troops...

Ended the Second Boer War after guerrilla years and British concentration camps. The two republics became British colonies with...

Theodore Roosevelt mediated the end of the Russo Japanese War at Portsmouth New Hampshire, winning the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize...

Ended the First Balkan War, Ottoman Europe reduced to a strip behind the Enos Midia line, Albania created at Austrian Italian...

Punished Bulgaria for attacking its former allies, stripping most San Stefano gains, Dobruja to Romania, Macedonia split Greece...

Lenin new government exited World War One, ceding Poland, Baltic states, Finland, Ukraine, and more, a third of Russia population...

Ended World War One with Germany. War guilt clause 231 assigned sole responsibility, reparations set at 132 billion gold marks...

Dissolved Austria Hungary, recognizing Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Polish and Romanian gains. Austria was forbidden...

Hungary lost 72 percent of its territory and 64 percent of its population, with 3.3 million ethnic Hungarians under foreign rule...

Carved the Ottoman Empire, Greece got Smyrna region, Armenia and Kurdistan promised states, straits internationalized, Arab lands...

Ended the Polish Soviet War, setting the Polish Soviet border roughly 200 kilometers east of the Curzon Line. Poland retained...

Recognized the Republic of Turkey under Atatürk, replacing Sevres. Turkey secured essentially its current borders, straits...

Chamberlain and Daladier conceded the Czechoslovak Sudetenland to Hitler without Czech representation, peace for our time...

Ended the Pacific War occupation framework. Japan renounced Korea, Taiwan, Sakhalin, Kurils claims, but the treaty deliberately...

Kosygin mediated after the 1965 war, Shastri and Ayub agreed to withdraw to the 1949 line, restore diplomacy, solve disputes...

After Bangladesh war, Indira Gandhi and Bhutto at Simla, converted the December 1971 ceasefire line in Kashmir into the Line of...

Carter hosted Sadat and Begin for 13 days of seclusion at Camp David producing the framework, Sinai full return to Egypt...

Begin and Sadat on the White House lawn, Sinai demilitarized return completed 1982, recognition, navigation rights, US aid...

Secret Norwegian channel produced mutual recognition, Israel of the PLO, PLO of Israel, renouncing terror, and a five year...

Second Arab peace with Israel, Clinton witnessing Rabin and Hussein at Wadi Araba crossing. Border defined, water sharing of...

Ended the Bosnian War, 100,000 dead, at Wright Patterson Air Force Base after Holbrooke shuttle diplomacy. Bosnia Herzegovina...

Ended the Troubles after 30 years and 3,500 deaths. Power sharing executive, cross border institutions, principle of consent, NI...

Trump Kushner brokered normalization, UAE leading, bypassing the Palestinian statehood precondition with a freeze on annexation...