Treaty of Versailles
About the Treaty of Versailles
Ended World War One with Germany. War guilt clause 231 assigned sole responsibility, reparations set at 132 billion gold marks, army capped at 100,000, Rhineland demilitarized, Alsace Lorraine returned, colonies and 13 percent of territory lost. The Big Four, Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Orlando, haggled for months. Keynes predicted disaster. The treaty humiliation narrative fueled Hitler rise, though historians debate how harsh it truly was versus Versailles enforcement.
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