Ottawa Treaty
About the Ottawa Treaty
Bans anti personnel landmines, the middle power coalition, Canada Lloyd Axworthy, ICBL Nobel 1997, NGOs and small states bypassing the consensus conference route. Millions of stockpiles destroyed, production nearly ended, casualties plummeted. Major holdouts, US, Russia, China, India, Pakistan, cite Korea and border uses. Ukraine war mine resurgence, both sides laying mines, set back clearance decades. The model, treaties driven by civil society, inspired the cluster munitions ban.
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