Kyoto Protocol
About the Kyoto Protocol
First binding greenhouse gas targets, developed countries only, averaging 5 percent cuts below 1990, flexibility mechanisms, carbon trading, CDM. US signed never ratified, Byrd Hagel 95 to 0, Canada withdrew 2011, Japan Russia declined second period. Developing exempt, China emissions soared. Kyoto covered 18 percent of world emissions at the end. Its failure taught Paris, bottom up pledges, all countries in, no binding caps, proved workable.
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